Stuart L Cooper Laboratories for Polymers and Biomaterials
Stuart L. Cooper Laboratories for Polymers and Biomaterials
Polymer physics, block polymers, ionomers, polyurethanes, and biomaterials
Link List
Research interests include Polymer Science and Engineering, Structure-Property Relations of Polyurethanes, Ionomers and Block Polymers, Mechanical and Dielectric Spectroscopy, X-Ray Scattering, EXAFS Analysis of Ion Containing Polymers, Polyurethane Biomaterials, and Blood-Material Interactions.
Dr. Cooper's studies on polyurethanes provided the basis for relating the properties of this family of materials to their microphase (actually nanoscale in size) separation in the the solid state. Cooper and his students revealed in quantitative studies of hydrogen bonding that these strong intermolecular interactions are not a primary determinant of physical properties but rather contribute a secondary effect in facilitating microphase separation between relatively short chain segments.
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to quantitatively define the microphase morphology of the polyurethanes and related systems. Microstructural features such as domain size, degree of phase separation, interfacial gradients and thicknesses were estimated using SAXS. Other research on polyurethanes included a significant synthesis effort producing some new polymer families of important research and technological interest. These included the synthesis of various polyurethane ionomers which contain cationic, anionic or zwitterionic functionality, polyisobutylene based polyurethanes, polydimethylsiloxane based polyurethanes and several families of radiation curable urethane oligomers.
Cooper’s group was the first to apply in polyurethane characterization ultra-low frequency dielectric relaxation to study interfacial polarization and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to explore chain conformation.
Professor Cooper, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, conducts research in the areas of polymer physics, block polymers, ionomers, polyurethanes, and biomaterials. Cooper received his B.S. Degree in Chemical Engineering from MIT and then went to Princeton, where he received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering. He did his Ph.D. thesis under the polymer physical chemist, Arthur V. Tobolsky.
Internationally recognized by his peers as one of the foremost experts in polyurethanes and ion-containing polymers and the leading pioneer in the use of polyurethanes as biomaterials for human applications, Cooper led the field in defining biomedical polyurethanes from both a chemical and physical perspective, both in fundamental understanding and in technological application. He broke vital new ground in understanding interactions of polymeric materials with physiological fluids and tissues since more than 40 years ago.
The outstanding contributions of his groundbreaking research in the field of thermoplastic polyurethanes in the context of biomaterials were highly influential, leaving a mark in the area of biomaterials, especially studies of blood-materials interactions, cell-surface interactions and tissue engineering. This early research integrating chemical engineering with the then-emerging discipline of biomedical engineering has much advanced polymer blood compatibility and biocompatibility.
Cooper's fundamental work on phase separation in block polymers, which are responsible for the good mechanical properties of many widely-used polymers such as the polyurethanes used in the high-performance thermoplastic elastomer industry, has been widely cited. With 350+ original articles and review chapters in peer-reviewed journals and books, he was listed as #926 of ISI’s 1000 most-cited chemists over the period 1981-1997. His long publication record yields an h-index of 89 with an overall total number of 85,000 citations.
He published two books on polyurethanes in medicine that are considered among the most major in the field, and has edited six others on topics involving polyurethanes and biomaterials. In all, he has co-authored eight books. Most of these are the result of the efforts of the 61 Ph.D. and 23 M.S. students he has supervised and mentored. Seven of these students are now professors in leading universities.
Stuart Cooper was chairman of the William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering from 2004-2014. During this time, he worked to realize the dream of a new, $125M Koffolt Laboratories, which opened in January, 2015.
Dr. Cooper has also served on the visiting committees of five US chemical engineering departments and three biomedical engineering departments.
He has seven patents, six of which relate to novel polyurethane compositions and biomaterials.
He is no longer accepting graduate students.
Top Awards and Honors
- Elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2011.
- In addition to other awards and honors, he received the AIChE Founders Award, the Society for Biomaterials Founders Award, and is a Fellow of AAAS, ACS, APS, AIChE, a Founding Fellow of AIMBE, and an International Fellow-Biomaterials Science and Engineering for the Society for Biomaterials.
- In 2017 he served as President of the Society for Biomaterials and Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Honor Society. He is a 2021 inaugural member of Sigma Xi's fellows program.
- In 2013 the American Chemical Society recognized his pioneering inventions with the Chemistry of Thermoplastic Elastomers Award, which honors significant contributions in the advancement of the chemistry of thermoplastic elastomers, particularly innovations that have yielded significant new commercial or patentable materials.
- Cooper broke vital new ground in understanding the chemistry and microphase morphology of polyurethane multiblock polymers and evaluating these polyurethanes as biomaterials by examining the interactions of polymeric materials with physiological fluids and tissues.
- With his high-profile research, Cooper led the field in defining biomedical polyurethanes from both a chemical and physical perspective, authoring the two books still considered by his peers to be the most important in the field. The structure-property relationships he elucidated over the decades remain relevant biomaterials principles today.
- Cooper’s research integrating chemical engineering with the then-emerging discipline of biomedical engineering and his unique combination of understanding urethane materials in conjunction with their utilization in a physiological environment enabled him to make considerable contributions of high importance in today’s era of biomaterials-based healthcare, paving the way for using polyurethanes for their implementation in important implantable devices of today.
- His work on phase separation in block polymers is directly responsible for the good mechanical properties of many widely-used polymers and is seminal to today’s multi-billion-dollar high-performance thermoplastic elastomer industry.
- Out of 7 patents, 4 relate to methods for making biocompatible polyurethanes, which were crucial for the translation of devices made from these polymers to human clinical use.
- While a professor at the University of Wisconsin and in collaboration with a medical school colleague, he successfully developed polyether-urethane elastomers for various implant applications, such as an ex-vivo arterio-venous shunt.
- His consulting work with Medtronic during the 1980s pacemaker failures offered improvements that prevail in today’s technology.
- His work has also led to important advances in hydrogel compositions (block copolymer structures) and tissue engineering (scaffolds, cell-material interactions).
- At the University of Delaware his efforts examining bacteria-biomaterial interactions and leukocyte-biomaterial interactions related to infection and the inflammatory response associated with implants enabled him to develop an important class of antibacterial polymers and synthesize dendrimer-based biocides. With two additional patents as a basis, he started a company based on this technology, CCL Biomedical, which operated for ten years.
KEY DISTINCTIONS
- National Academy of Engineering
- 7 patents
NATIONAL HONORS
National Academy of Engineering:
- Elected 2011
American Chemical Society:
- Fellow, 2020
- Rubber Division, Chemistry of Thermoplastic Elastomers Award, 2013
American Institute of Chemical Engineers:
- Founders Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical Engineering, 2014
- Charles M.A. Stine Award, 1987
American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering:
- Founding Fellow (American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering), 1992
Society for Biomaterials:
- Founders Award, 2009
- President, 1996-97
- Clemson Award, 1987
INTERNATIONAL
Sigma Xi Scientific Honor Society:
- Felllow, 2021
- President, 2017
Japanese Society for Biomaterials:
- International Award for Achievement in Biomaterials, 1997
REGIONAL
The Ohio State University College of Engineering:
- Faculty Mentoring Award, 2018
- Named Distinguished Professor of Engineering, 2013
-
Clara M. and Peter L. Scott Award for Excellence in Engineering Education, 2011
******************
- 2021
- Sigma Xi Fellow
- 2020
- ACS Fellow
- 2018
- Faculty Mentoring Award, The Ohio State University College of Engineering
- 2017
- President of Sigma Xi
- 2016
- Voted President-Elect, Sigma Xi
-
Co-editor, Advances in Polyurethane Biomaterials (Woodhead Publishing, 2016)
- 2014
- Re-elected to a three-year term as Council Delegate, Section on Engineering, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- Founders Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
- 2013
- Named Distinguished Professor of Engineering, Ohio State University
- Chemistry of Thermoplastic Elastomers Award, American Chemical Society, Division of Rubber Chemistry
- 2011
- National Academy of Engineering
- Clara M. and Peter L. Scott Award for Excellence in Engineering Education, Ohio State University
- 2010
- Founders Award, Society for Biomaterials
- 2005
- Johansen-Crosby Lecture, Michigan State University
- 1998
- Harvey G. Fair Memorial Lecture, University of Oklahoma
- 1997
- Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Intl. Award for Achievement in Biomaterials, Japanese Society for Biomaterials
- 1996-97
- President, Society for Biomaterials
- 1995
- Fellow, Society for Biomaterials
- 1993-98
- H. Rodney Sharp Professor, University of Delaware
- 1992
- Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engr.
- 1991
- Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineering
- 1989-93
- Paul A. Elfers Professor, University of Wisconsin
- 1988
- B.F. Ruth Lecture, Iowa State University
- 1987
- Charles M. A. Stine Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
- Clemson Award for Basic Research, Society for Biomaterials
- 1986
- Fellow, American Physical Society
- 1981
- Chairman, Gordon Research Conference on Ion Containing Polymers
- 1977
- Lady Davis Fellowship, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- 1976
- Best Paper Award, ACS Rubber Chemistry Division
- 1971
- DuPont Young Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin
- Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Sigma Xi
Research
Polymers for Biomedical Application
The occurrence of blood clotting, or thrombosis, at the blood-polymer interface presents major difficulties in the design of artificial organs and cardiac assist devices. In order to examine how surface properties affect blood-materials interactions, a number of polyurethane block polymers have been synthesized and studied in our laboratory. The surface properties of these materials are characterized by a variety of techniques which include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated multiple total internal reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR_IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. We are investigating a new generation of functionalized polyurethane surfaces which possess markedly improved blood compatibility. In-vitro techniques also have been developed to study protein adsorption, platelet deposition and aggregation and their interactions with polymer surfaces. We are currently studying the adsorption characteristics of the cell adhesive proteins, fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin as well as the anti-adhesive protein, high molecular weight kininogen. Our interest is in discovering the role these proteins have on white blood cell activation and implant infection.
A state of the art video-microscopy facility has been constructed to study bacteria-surface and leukocyte surface interactions in a radial flow field. This system allows efficient study of shear rate effects on cell-surface interactions. Recent research has involved creating antifouling surfaces using antimicrobial cationic polyurethanes and polyurethanes containing cationic dendrimer pendant groups. Finally, Cooper initiated research in the area of tissue engineering using a platform of low glass transition acrylic terpolymers which contain cell binding ligands.
Polyurethane Block Polymers
Cooper's research on Polyurethane block polymers and other multiphase thermoplastic elastomers seeks a fundamental understanding of these system's morphology and physical properties. Small angle x-ray scattering is used to determine domain size, shape and degree of phase separation in order to determine microphase separation and intermolecular bonding in these high performance polymers. The material's morphology is correlated with thermal and mechanical properties determined by differential calorimetry, dynamic mechanical testing and stress-strain analysis.
Polyurethane chemistry is well suited to the design of a variety of high performance materials used in specialized applications. Among the materials systems studied in our laboratory are polyurethane acrylates which can be crosslinked by ultraviolet or electron beam radiation, silicone rubber-based polyurethanes for low temperature applications and polyurethanes containing ionic functionalities spaced along the polymer backbone. The mechanical and transport properties of these ion-containing polymers are strongly influenced by aggregation of the ionic groups. In order to better understand the structure of such aggregates we are using techniques such as x-ray and neutron scattering. We are also interested in the solution properties of ionomers where we are using rheological measurements, inelastic light scattering and neutron scattering to study aggregation phenomena.
Cooper's research was supported for more 27 years by the NIH and NSF, as well as for shorter periods of time by Medtronic, Johnson and Johnson, 3M, the US Army, Navy, and the Petroleum Research Foundation.
Publications
1. "Multiphase Polymers", Adv. in Chem. Ser., 176, S.L. Cooper and G.M. Estes (Eds.), 643pp., Amer. Chem. Soc., Wash., D.C., 1979.
2. "Biomaterials: Interfacial Phenomena and Applications", ACS Adv. in Chem. Ser., 199, S.L. Cooper, N.A. Peppas, B.D. Ratner and A.S. Hoffman (Eds.), 539pp., Amer. Chem. Soc., Wash., D.C., 1982.
3. "Polyurethanes in Medicine", M.D. Lelah and S.L. Cooper, 225 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., 1986.
4. "The Vroman Effect", C.H. Bamford, S.L. Cooper and T. Tsuruta (Eds.), 192pp., VSP, Zeist, The Netherlands, 1992.
5. "Polymer Biomaterials: In Solution, as Interfaces and as Solids", S. L. Cooper, C. H. Bamford and T. Tsuruta, (Eds.), 1134 pp.,VSP, Zeist, The Netherlands, 1995.
6. "Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications", N. M. K. Lamba, K. A. Woodhouse and S. L. Cooper, 277pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998.
7. "Cells, Proteins and Materials", H. Sheardown and S. L. Cooper (Eds.), 495pp., VSP/Brill, Zeist, The Netherlands, 2003.
8. "Gels, Genes, Grafts and Giants", S. L. Cooper, T. A. Horbett, B. D. Ratner and P. S. Stayton (Eds.), 920pp., VSP/Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2005.
9. "Advances in Polyurethane Biomaterials" S. L. Cooper and Jianjun Guan (Eds.), 22 chapters, 660 pages. Woodhead Publishing/Elsevier, London, United Kingdom, February 2016.
publications
- 1. Cooper, S. L., R. D. Andrews, et al., "Cold Drawing of Glassy Polymers," Trans. Soc. Rheology, 9, 446-447 (1965).
- 2. Cooper, S. L. and A. V. Tobolsky, "A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Polyimides," Textile Res. J., 35, 1110-1115 (1965).
- 3. Sperling, L. H., S. L. Cooper, A. V. Tobolsky, "Elastomeric and Mechanical Properties of Poly-m-Carboranylene Siloxanes," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 10, 1725-1735 (1966).
- 4. Cooper, S. L. and A. V. Tobolsky, "Viscoelastic Behavior of Segmented Elastomers," Textile Res. J., 36, 800-803 (1966).
- 5. Cooper, S. L. and A. V. Tobolsky, "Properties of Linear Elastomeric Polyurethanes," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 10, 1837-1844 (1966).
- 6. Cooper, S. L. and A. V. Tobolsky, "Anomalous Depression of Rubbery Modulus through Cross-linking," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 11, 1361-1369 (1967).
- 7. Cooper, S. L., A. J. McKinnon, and D. C. Prevorsek, "Morphological Changes of Twisted Nylon 66 and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Monofilaments," J. Polymer Sci., A-1, 6, 353-361 (1968).
- 8. Cooper, S. L., A. J. McKinnon, and D. C. Prevorsek, "Structure of Twisted Nylon 6 and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers," Textile Res. J., 38, 803-810 (1968).
- 9. Cooper, S. L., D. S. Huh, and W. J. Morris, "Stress-Softening in Cross-linked Block Copolymer Elastomers," I&EC, Prod. Res. and Dev., 7, 248-251 (1968).
- 10. Flumerfelt, R. W., M. W. Pierick, S. L. Cooper, and R. B. Bird, "Generalized Plane Couette Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid," Ind. and Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 8, 354-357 (1969).
- 11. Cooper, S. L., "Properties of Swollen Block Copolymer Elastomers," J. Polymer Sci., A-1, 7, 1765-1772 (1969).
- 12. Estes, G. M., R. W. Seymour, D. S. Huh, and S. L. Cooper, "Mechanical and Optical Properties of Block Copolymers. I. Polyester-Urethanes," Polymer Engr. and Sci., 9, 383-387 (1969).
- 13. Estes, G. M., D. S. Huh, and S. L. Cooper, "Mechanical and Optical Properties of Block Polymers. II. Polyether-Urethanes," Block Polymers, Ed. S. L. Aggarwal, Plenum Press, NY, 225-236 (1970).
- 14. Koutsky, J. A., N. V. Hien, and S. L. Cooper, "Some Results on Electron Microscope Investigations of Polyether-Urethane and Polyester-Urethane Block Copolymers," J. Polymer Sci., B8, 353-359 (1970).
- 15. Seymour, R. W., G. M. Estes, and S. L. Cooper, "Infrared Studies of Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers. I. Hydrogen Bonding," Macromolecules, 3(5), 579-583 (1970).
- 16. Marx, C. L., J. A. Koutsky, and S. L. Cooper, "The Morphology of Butadiene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers," J. Polymer Sci., B9, 167-171 (1971).
- 17. Estes, G. M., R. W. Seymour, and S. L. Cooper, "Infrared Studies of Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers. II. Infrared Dichroism," Macromolecules, 4(4), 452-457 (1971).
- 18. Huh, D. S. and S. L. Cooper, "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Block Polymers," Polym. Engr. Sci., 11(5), 369-376 (1971).
- 19. Seymour, R. W. and S. L. Cooper, "DSC Studies of Polyurethane Block Polymers," J. Polymer Sci., PT. B., 9, 689-694 (1971).
- 20. Hien, N. V., S. L. Cooper, and J. A. Koutsky, "Morphology and Properties of Twisted Polymeric Fibers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B6(2), 343-364 (1972).
- 21. Matz, D. J., W. G. Guldemond, and S. L. Cooper, "Delayed Yielding in Glassy Polymers," J. Polymer Sci., PT. A2, 10, 1917-1930 (1972).
- 22. Seymour, R. W., G. M. Estes, D. S. Huh, and S. L. Cooper, "Rheo-Optical Studies of Polyurethane Block Polymers," J. Polymer Sci., PT. A2, 10, 1521-1527 (1972).
- 23. Seymour, R. W., S. L. Cooper, "Thermal Analysis of Polyurethane Block Polymers," Macromolecules, 6, 48-53 (1973).
- 24. Marx, C. L., D. F. Caulfield and S. L. Cooper, "Morphology of Ionomers," Macromolecules, 6, 344-353 (1973).
- 25. Marx, C. L., and S. L. Cooper, "Polyethylene Ionomers: The Effect of Annealing," Die Makromol. Chemie, 168, 339-344 (1973).
- 26. Matz, D. J., W. G. Guldemond, and S. L. Cooper, "Yielding of Polycarbonate and Polysulfone in Creep and Stress-Strain," Polym. Engr. Sci., 13, 300-307 (1973).
- 27. Ng, H. N., A. E. Allegrezza, R. W. Seymour, and S. L. Cooper, "The Effect of Segment Size and Polydispersity on the Properties of Polyurethane Block Polymers," Polymer, 14, 255-261 (1973).
- 28. Seymour, R. W., A. E. Allegrezza, and S. L. Cooper, "Segmental Orientation Studies of Block Polymers: I. Hydrogen Bonded Polyurethanes," Macromolecules, 6, 896-902 (1973).
- 29. Marx, C. L. and S. L. Cooper, "The Crystallinity of Ionomers," J. Macromolecular Sci.-Phys., B9(1), 19-33 (1974).
- 30. Yourtee, J.B. and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Densified Amorphous Polystyrene," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 18, 897-911 (1974).
- Allegrezza, A.E., R.W. Seymour, H.N. Ng, and S.L. Cooper, "Segmental Orientation Studies of Block Polymers: II. Non-Hydrogen Bonded Polyurethanes," Polymer, 15, 433-440 (1974).
- Shen, M., U. Mehra, M. Niinomi, J.T. Koberstein, and S.L. Cooper, "Morphological, Rheo-Optical and Dynamic Mechanical Studies of a Semicrystalline Block Copolymer," J. Appl. Phys., 45, 4182-4189 (1974).
- 33. Blumentritt, B.F., B.T. Vu, and S.L. Cooper, "Mechanical Properties of Oriented Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics: I. Unidirectional Fiber Orientation," Polym. Engr. Sci., 14, 633-640 (1974).
- 34. Blumentritt, B.F., B.T. Vu, and S.L. Cooper, "Mechanical Properties of Oriented Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics: II. Random in Plane Fiber Orientation," Polym. Engr. Sci., 15, 428-436 (1975).
- 35. Blumentritt, B.F., B.T. Vu, and S.L. Cooper, "Fracture in Oriented Short Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics," Composites, 6, 105-114 (1975).
- 36. Koberstein, J.T., M.C. Shen, and S.L. Cooper, "Thin Polymer Films for Infrared Spectroscopy," Rev. Sci. Instr., 46, 1639-1641 (1975).
- 37. Muzykewicz, K.J., E.B. Crowell, Jr., A.P. Hart, M. Schultz, C.G. Hill, Jr., and S.L. Cooper, "Platelet Adhesion and Contact Activation Time Tests on Hema Coated Cellulose-Acetate Membranes," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 9, 486-499 (1975).
- 38. Eagles, Dana B., B.F. Blumentritt, and S.L. Cooper, "Interfacial Properties of Kevlar-49 Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 20, 435-445 (1976).
- 39. Lilaonitkul, A., J.C. West, and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polytetramethylene Oxide-Polytetramethylene Terephthalate Block Polymers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B12, 563-597 (1976).
- 40. Schroeder, L.R. and S.L. Cooper, "Hydrogen Bond Dissociation in Polyamides," J. Appl. Phys., 47, 4310-4317 (1976).
- 41. Lilaonitkul, A. and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyether-Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers," Rubber Chem. and Tech., 50, 1-23 (1977).
- 42. Hubbell, D.S. and S.L. Cooper, "The Physical Properties and Morphology of Poly-e-Caprolactone Polymer Blends," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 21, 3035-3061 (1977).
- 43. Hubbell, D.S. and S.L. Cooper, "Segmental Orientation in Blends of Poly-e-Caprolactone with Polyvinyl Chloride and Nitrocellulose," J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 15,
- 1143-1161 (1977).
- 44. Barber, T.A., T.R. Mathis, J.V. Ihlenfeld, S.L. Cooper and D.F. Mosher, "Short Term Interactions of Blood with Polymeric Vascular Graft Materials: Protein Adsorption, Thrombus Formation and Leukocyte Deposition," Scanning El. Microscopy, Symp.
- Vol. II, 431-440 (1978).
- 45. Ihlenfeld, J.V., T.R. Mathis, T.A. Barber, D.F. Mosher, S.J. Updike, A.P. Hart, L.M. Riddle and S.L. Cooper, "Transient In-Vivo Thrombus Deposition onto Polymeric Biomaterials: Role of Plasma Fibronectin," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 24, 727-734 (1978).
- 46. Srichatrapimuk, V.W. and S.L. Cooper, "Infrared Thermal Analysis of Polyurethane Block Polymers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B15, 267-311 (1978).
- 47. Ihlenfeld, J.V. and S.L. Cooper, "Transient In-Vivo Protein Adsorption onto Polymeric Biomaterials," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 13, 577-591 (1979).
- 48. Ihlenfeld, J.V., T.R. Mathis, L.M. Riddle and S.L. Cooper, "Measurement of Transient Thrombus Deposition on Polymeric Materials," Thrombosis Res., 14, 953-967 (1979).
- 49. McBride, J.S., T.A. Massaro and S.L. Cooper, "Diffusion of Gases through Polyurethane Block Polymers," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 23, 201-214 (1979).
- 50. Barber, T.A., L.K. Lambrecht, D.L. Mosher, B.R. Young, J.V. Ihlenfeld and S.L. Cooper, "Influence of Serum Proteins on Thrombosis and Leukocyte Adherence on Polymeric Surfaces," Scanning El. Microscopy, Symp. Vol. III, 881-890 (1979).
- 51. Lilaonitkul, A. and S.L. Cooper, "Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Segmented Polyesters," Macromolecules, 12, 1146-1156 (1979).
- 52. Hesketh, T.R., J.W.C. Van Bogart and S.L. Cooper, "Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis of Morphological Changes in Segmented Elastomers," Polymer Engr. and Sci., 20, 190-197 (1980).
- 53. Van Bogart, J.W.C., A. Lilaonitkul and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Short Segment Block Copolymers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B17, 267-301 (1980).
- 54. Cooper, S.L. and A. Lilaonitkul, "Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers," Adv. in Ureth. Sci. and Technol., 8, 163-183 (1979).
- 55. Yarusso, D.J., G.S. Knapp, P. Georgopoulos and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Analysis of the Cation Environment in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers," J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Letters, 18, 557-562 (1980).
- 56. Vallance, M.A., D.C. Faith III and S.L. Cooper, "Dielectric Spectroscopy at Sub-audio Frequencies--Two Techniques in Comparison," Rev. Sci. Inst., 51(10), 1338-1341 (1980).
- 57. Wang, Carl B. and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Polyvinylchloride-Polyurethane Blends," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 26, 2989-3006 (1981).
- 58. Van Bogart, J.W.C., D.A. Bluemke and S.L. Cooper, "Annealing-Induced Morphological Changes in Segmented Elastomers," Polymer, 22, 1428-1438 (1981).
- 59. Van Bogart, J.W.C., P.E. Gibson and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology of Heat Set Segmented Elastomers," Rubber Chem. and Technol., 54, 963-975 (1981).
- 60. Lambrecht, L.K., B.R. Young, D.F. Mosher, A.P. Hart, W.J. Hammar and S.L. Cooper, "Transient Thrombus Deposition on Chitosan-Heparin Coated Polyethylene," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 27, 380-385 (1981).
- 61. Hwang, K.K.S., C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyether-Polyurethane Zwitterionomers," Polym. Engr. Sci., 21, 1027-1036 (1981).
- 62. Lelah, M.D., R.J. Stafford, L.K. Lambrecht, B.R. Young and S.L. Cooper, "Cast vs. Extruded Biomer for Biomedical Applications," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 27, 504-510 (1981).
- 63. Young, B.F., L.K. Lambrecht, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Plasma Proteins: Their Role in Initiating Platelet and Fibrin Deposition on Biomaterials," Adv. in Chem. Ser., 199, Amer. Chem. Soc., Wash., D.C. 317-349 (1982).
- 64. Marmur, A. and S.L. Cooper, "A Model for the Deposition and Detachment of Proteins and Platelets on Biomaterials," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 89, 458-465 (1982).
- 65. Koshiba, M., K.K.S. Hwang, S.K. Foley, D.J. Yarusso and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of U.V. Curable Polyurethane Acrylates," J. Mater. Sci., 14, 1447-1458 (1982).
- 66. Wilson, R.S., M.G. Goode, M.D. Lelah and S.L. Cooper, "An Ex-Vivo Narrow Slit Flow Device for Evaluation of Blood-Material Interactions," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 28, 420-425 (1982).
- 67. Young, B.R., M.J. Doyle, W.E. Collins, L.K. Lambrecht, C.A. Jordan, R.M. Albrecht, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Thrombospondin and other Platelet a-Granule Proteins on Artificial Surface Induced Thrombosis," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 28, 498-503 (1982).
- 68. Van Bogart, J.W.C., P.E. Gibson and S.L. Cooper, "Structure Property Relationships in Polycaprolactone-Polyurethanes," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 21, 65-95 (1983).
- 69. Lelah, M.D., L.K. Lambrecht, B.R. Young and S.L. Cooper, "Physico-Chemical Characterization and In-Vivo Blood Tolerability of Cast and Extruded Biomer," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 17, 1-22 (1983).
- 70. Wang, Carl B. and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Poly(vinylchloride)-Poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) Blends," J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 21, 11-27 (1983).
- 71. Yang, C.Z., K.K.S. Hwang and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Polybutadiene and Polyether-Polyurethane Zwitterionomers," Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 184, 651-668 (1983).
- 72. Miller, J.A., K.K.S. Hwang and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyether-Polyurethane Anionomers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B22, 321-341 (1983).
- 73. Pan, H.K., D.J. Yarusso, G.S. Knapp and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Studies of Nickel Nafion Ionomers," J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 21, 1389-1401 (1983).
- 74. Wang, C.B. and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Segmented Polyether Polyurethaneureas," Macromolecules, 16, 775-786 (1983).
- 75. Belfiore, L.A., P.M. Henrichs, D.J. Massa, N. Zumbulyadis, W.P. Rothwell and S.L. Cooper, "Molecular Dynamics of Polycarbonate-Diluent Systems: Applications of High Resolution Carbon 13 Solid State NMR," Macromolecules, 16, 1744-1753 (1983).
- 76. Belfiore, L.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate-Diluent Interactions: High Resolution Carbon-13 NMR Studies in Solution and in the Solid State," J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 21, 2135-2157 (1983).
- 77. Speckhard, T.A., G. ver Strate and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyisobutylene-Polyurethane Block Copolymers: I. Macroglycols from Ozonolysis of Isobutylene-Isoprene Copolymer," Polymer Engr. and Sci., 23, 337-349 (1983).
- 78. Yarusso, D.J. and S.L. Cooper, "The Microstructure of Ionomers: Interpretation of Small Angle X-ray Scattering Data," Macromolecules, 16, 1871-1879 (1983).
- 79. Vallance, M.A., A.S. Yeung and S.L. Cooper, "A Dielectric Study of the Glass Transition Region in Segmented Polyether-Urethane Copolymers," Colloid and Polymer Science, 261, 541-554 (1983).
- 80. Lelah, M.D., C.A. Jordan, M.E. Pariso, L.K. Lambrecht, S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Morphological Changes Occurring During Thrombogenesis and Embolization on Biomaterials in a Canine Ex-vivo Series Shunt," Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1983(4), pp. 1983-1994.
- 81. Young, B.R., L.K. Lambrecht, R.M. Albrecht, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Platelet-Protein Interactions at Blood-Polymer Interfaces in the Canine Test Model," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs 29, 442-446 (1983).
- 82. Lambrecht, L.K., M.D. Lelah, R.M. Albrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Evaluation of Thrombus Deposition onto Polymeric Biomaterials in a New Sub-Human Primate Ex-vivo Series Shunt Model," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 29, 194-199 (1983).
- 83. Pan, H.K., D.J. Yarusso, G.S. Knapp, M. Pineri, A. Meagher, J.M.D. Coey and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS and Mössbauer Studies of Iron Neutralized Nafion Ionomers," J. Chem. Phys., 79(10), 4736-4745 (1983).
- 84. Goodman, S.L., M.D. Lelah, L.K. Lambrecht, S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "In Vitro vs Ex-vivo Platelet Deposition on Polymer Surfaces," Scanning Electron Microscopy, Symp. Vol. 1984(1), pp. 279-290.
- 85. Belfiore, L.A., P.M. Hendrichs and S.L. Cooper, "Diluent Effects on Carbonate Mobility in Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate in the Solid State," Polymer, 25, 452-458 (1984).
- 86. Lelah, M.D., L.K. Lambrecht and S.L. Cooper, "A Canine Ex-vivo Series Shunt for Evaluating Thrombus Deposition on Polymer Surfaces," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 18,
- 475-496 (1984).
- 87. Hwang, Kirk K.S., D.J. Hemker and S.L. Cooper, "Phase Diagrams and Morphology of a Urethane Model Hard Segment and Polyether Macroglycols," Macromolecules, 17,
- 307-315 (1984).
- 88. Falabella, R., R.J. Farris and S.L. Cooper, "Constitutive Equations for Orientation in Polyurethane Elastomers," J. Rheology, 28, 123-154 (1984).
- 89. Miller, J.A., S.L. Cooper, C.C. Han and G. Pruckmayr, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering from a Polyurethane Block Copolymer," Macromolecules, 17 1063-1071 (1984).
- 90. Hwang, K.K.S., S.B. Lin, S.Y. Tsay and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyurethane Oligomeric Blends Versus High Molecular Block Copolymers," Polymer, 25, 947-955 (1984).
- 91. Vallance, M.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Microstructure in Linear Condensation Block Copolymers: A Modeling Approach," Macromolecules, 17, 1208-1219 (1984).
- 92. Hwang, K.K.S., G. Wu, S.B. Lin and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Characterization of MDI-Butanediol Urethane Model Compounds," J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 1677-1697 (1984).
- 93. Pan, H.K., G.S. Knapp and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS and XANES Studies of the Zn+2 and Rb+1 Neutralized Perfluorinated Ionomers," Colloid and Polymer Sci., 262, 734-746 (1984).
- 94. Belfiore, L.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Mixing Effects on the Mid-Kilohertz Mobility of Polystyrene in Glassy Polystyrene-Diluent Blends," Polymer, 25, 645-649 (1984).
- 95. Speckhard, T.A., K.K.S. Hwang, C.Z. Yang, W.R. Laupan and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Segmented Polyurethane Zwitterionomer Elastomers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B23, 175-199 (1984).
- 96. Hwang, K.K.S., T.A. Speckhard and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyurethane Anionomers Ionization via Bimolecular Nucleophilic Displacement of the Urethane Hydrogen," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B23, 153-174 (1984).
- 97. Yarusso, D.J., Y.S. Ding, H.K. Pan and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Analysis of the Structure of Ionomer Microdomains," J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 22, 2073-2093 (1984).
- 98. Bellissimo, J.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Plasma Protein Adsorption under Well-Defined Flow Conditions," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs, 30, 359-363 (1984).
- 99. Lelah, M.D., T.G. Grasel, J.A. Pierce, L.K. Lambrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Silastic Tubing Wall Thickness on Ev-vivo Thrombus Formation in a Series Shunt," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs, 30, 411-416 (1984).
- 100. Ding, Y.S., D.J. Yarusso, H.K. Pan and S.L. Cooper, "Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure: Studies of Zinc Neutralized Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers," J. Appl. Phys., 56, 2396-2403 (1984).
- 101. Lin, Shaow B., S.Y. Tsay, T.A. Speckhard, K.K.S. Hwang, J.J. Jerzerc and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of U.V. Cured Polyurethane Acrylates: Effect of Polyol Type and Molecular Weight," Chem. Engr. Communications, 30, 251-273 (1984).
- 102. Vallance, M.A., J.L. Castles and S.L. Cooper, "Microstructure of As-Polymerized Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers," Polymer, 25, 1734-1746 (1984).
- 103. Miller, J.A. and S.L. Cooper, "A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study of an Oligo(Oxytetramethylene)," Die Macromol. Chemie, 185, 2429-2435 (1984).
- 104. Miller, J.A., Shaow B. Lin, K.K.S. Hwang, K.S. Wu, P.E. Gibson and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Model Polyether Polyurethane Block Copolymers: Effects of Hard Segment Length Distribution," Macromolecules, 18, 32-44 (1985).
- 105. Lin, Shaow B., K.K.S. Hwang, S.Y. Tsay and S.L. Cooper, "Segmental Orientation Studies Polyether Polyurethane Block Copolymers With Different Hard Segment Lengths and Distributions," Colloid and Polymer Sci., 263, 128-140 (1985).
- 106. Yarusso, D.J. and S.L. Cooper, "Analysis of SAXS Data from Ionomer Systems," Polymer, 26, 371-378 (1985).
- 107. Pan, H.K., A. Meagher, G.S. Knapp and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Studies of Fe+3 Neutralized Nafion: Interpretation of the Second Peak in the Radial Structure Function," J. Chem. Phys., 82, 1529-1538 (1985).
- 108. Speckhard, T.A., S.L. Cooper, V.S.C. Chang and J.P. Kennedy, "Properties of Polyisobutylene Polyurethane Block Polymers. II. Macroglycols Produced by the Inifer Technique," Polymer, 26, 55-69 (1985).
- 109. Speckhard, T.A., K.K.S. Hwang, S.L. Cooper, V.S.C. Chang and J.P. Kennedy, "Properties of Polyisobutylene Polyurethane Block Copolymers: III. Hard Segments Based on 4, 4' Dicyclohexylmethane Diisocyanate (H12MDI) and Butane Diol," Polymer, 26, 70-78 (1985).
- 110. Yu, X., M.R. Nagarajan, T.G. Grasel, P.E. Gibson and S.L. Cooper, "Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Polyurethane Elastomers: Synthesis and Properties of Segmented Copolymers and Related Zwitterionomers," J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 23, 2319-2338 (1985).
- 111. Speckhard, T.A., K.K.S. Hwang, S.B. Lin, S.Y. Tsay, M. Koshiba, Y.S. Ding and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of U.V. Cured Polyurethane Acrylates: Effect of Reactive Diluent," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 30, 647-666 (1985).
- 112. Lelah, M.D., J.A. Pierce and S.L. Cooper, "The Measurement of Contact Angles on Circular Tubing Surfaces Using the Captive Bubble Technique," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 19, 1011-1015 (1985).
- 113. Lelah, M.D., J.A. Pierce, L.K. Lambrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Polyether-Urethane Ionomers: Surface Property/Ex-Vivo Blood Compatibility Relationships," J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 104, 422-439 (1985).
- 114. Castles, J.L., M.A. Vallance and S.L. Cooper, "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Short Segment Block Copolyesters and Copolyether-Esters," J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 23, 2119-2147 (1985).
- 115. Yu, X., M.R. Nagarajan, C. Li, T.A. Speckhard and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Ultraviolet Cured Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Urea Acrylates," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 30, 2115-2135 (1985).
- 116. Miller, J.A. and S.L. Cooper, "An Investigation of the Effects of Sample Preparation on the Small Angle X-Ray Scattering From a Polyurethane Block Polymer," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 23, 1065-1077 (1985).
- 117. Lelah, M.D., S.L. Cooper, H. Ohnuma and T. Kotaka, "Ex-Vivo and In-Vitro Blood Response to Surface-Modified Poly(Styrene-Butadiene-b4 Vinyl Pyridine) Triblock Polymers," Polymer J., 17, 841-854 (1985).
- 118. Miller, J.A., J.M. McKenna, G. Pruckmayr, J.E. Epperson and S.L. Cooper, "Chain Conformation in Medium and High Ester Content Polyether-Polyester Block Copolymers: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study," Macromolecules, 18, 1727-1736 (1985).
- 119. Miller, J.A., G. Pruckmayr, J.E. Epperson and S.L. Cooper, "The Thermal Response of the Polyether Soft Segment Chain Conformation in a Polyurethane Block Copolymer as Measured by Small Angle Neutron Scattering," Polymer, 26, 1915-1920 (1985).
- 120. Park, K. and S.L. Cooper, "Importance of Composition of the Initial Protein Layer and Platelet Spreading in Acute Surface-Induced Thrombosis," Trans. Amer. Soc. Artif. Inter. Organs, 31, 483-488 (1985).
- 121. Lelah, M.D., T.G. Grasel, J.A. Pierce and S.L. Cooper, "Ex-Vivo Interactions and Surface Property Relations of Polyetherurethanes," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 20, 433-468 (1986).
- 122. Lambrecht, L.K., B.R. Young, R.E. Stafford, R.M. Albrecht, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "The Influence of Preadsorbed Canine and Human Plasma Proteins on In-Vivo Artificial Surface Induced Thrombosis," Thrombosis Res., 41, 99-117 (1986).
- 123. Park, K., D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Acute Surface Induced Thrombosis in the Canine Ex Vivo Model: Importance of Protein Composition of the Initial Monolayer and Platelet Activation," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 20, 589-612 (1986).
- 124. Gibson, P.E., J.W.C. Van Bogart and S.L. Cooper, "Small Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Thermally-Induced Morphological Changes in Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers," J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 24, 885-907 (1986).
- 125. Park, K., R.M. Albrecht, S.R. Simmons and S.L. Cooper, "A New Approach to Study Adsorbed Protein on Biomaterials: Immunogold Staining," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 111, 197-211 (1986).
- 126. Speckhard, T.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Ultimate Tensile Properties of Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers: Factors Leading to Reduced Properties for Polyurethanes Based on Non-Polar Soft Segments," Rubber Chem. and Technol., 59, 405-431 (1986).
- 127. Yu, Xuehai, M.R. Nagarajan, C. Li, P.E. Gibson and S.L. Cooper, "Poly(Chloropropyl Methyl-Dimethylsiloxane)-Polyurethane Elastomers: Synthesis and Properties of Segmented Copolymers and Related Zwitterionomers," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 24, 2681-2702 (1986).
- 128. Pitt, W.G., K. Park and S.L. Cooper, "Sequential Protein Adsorption and Thrombus Deposition on Polymeric Biomaterials," J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 111, 343-362 (1986).
- 129. Speckhard, T.A., J.A. Miller and S.L. Cooper, "Monte Carlo Simulation Study of the Polymerization of Polyurethane Block Polymers. I. Ideal Polymerization Conditions," Macromolecules, 19, 1558-1567 (1986).
- 130. Miller, J.A., T.A. Speckhard and S.L. Cooper, "Monte Carlo Simulation Study of the Polymerization of Polyurethane Block Polymers. II. Non- ideal Polymerization Conditions," Macromolecules, 19, 1568-1574 (1986).
- 131. Wilson, R.S., A. Marmur and S.L. Cooper, "A Model of Deposition and Embolization of Proteins and Platelets on Biomaterial Surfaces," Annals of Biomed. Engr., 14, 383-400 (1986).
- 132. Goodman, S.L., S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Activation of Platelets from Humans, Canines and Macaques on Polymer Surfaces," Progress in Artificial Organs-1985, Y. Nose, C. Kjeustrand and P. Ivanovich, eds., ISAO Press, Cleveland, pp. 1050-1055, 1986.
- 133. Park, K., S.J. Gernt and S.L. Cooper, “The Effect of Fibrinogen Sialic Acid Residues on Ex-Vivo Platelet Deposition on Biomaterials," Thrombosis Res., 43, 293-302 (1986).
- 134. Lee, D.C., T.A. Speckhard and S.L. Cooper, "Method for Determining the Molecular Weight and Solution Properties of Polyurethane Block Polymers," Macromolecules, 19, 2383-2390 (1986).
- 135. Grasel, T.G. and S.L. Cooper, "Surface Properties and Blood Compatibility of Polyurethane Ureas," Biomaterials, 7, 315-328 (1986).
- 136. Pitt, W.G. and S.L. Cooper, "FTIR/ATR Studies of the Effect of Shear Rate upon Albumin Adsorption onto Biomer," Biomaterials, 7, 340-348 (1986).
- 137. Grasel, T.G., R.S. Wilson, M.D. Lelah, H.W. Bielich and S.L. Cooper, "Blood Flow and Surface-Induced Thrombosis," Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Internal Organs, 32, 515 (1986).
- 138. Andrade, J.D., S. Nagaoka, S.L. Cooper, T. Okano and S.W. Kim, "Surfaces and Blood Compatibility: Current Hypotheses," Trans. Amer. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs, 33, 75-84 (1987).
- 139. Miller, J.A., T.A. Speckhard and S.L. Cooper, "Monte Carlo Simulation Study of the Polymerization of Polyurethane Block Copolymers. III. Nonideal Polymerization Conditions: Modelling of Premature Phase Separation During Reaction and Differing Reactivities of the Chain Extender and Polyol Using the Simple Sinking Pool Model," Polymer, 28, 758-767 (1987).
- 140. Speckhard, T.A., J.G. Homan, J.A. Miller and S.L. Cooper, "Monte Carlo Simulation Study of the Polymerization of Polyurethane Block Copolymers. IV. Modeling of Experimental Data," Polymer, 28, 768-776 (1987).
- 141. Grasel, T.G., J.A. Pierce and S.L. Cooper, "Effects of Alkyl Grafting on Surface Properties and Blood Compatibility of Polyurethane Block Polymers," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 21, 815-842 (1987).
- 142. Li, C., R.M. Nagarajan, C.C. Chang and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Characterization of Radiation Curable Polyurethanes Containing Pendant Acrylate Groups," Polym. Engr. Sci., 26, 1442-1450 (1987).
- 143. Pitt, W.G., B.R. Young and S.L. Cooper, "Measurement of Advancing and Receding Contact Angles Inside Polymer Tubing," Colloids and Surfaces, 27, 345-355 (1987).
- 144. Collins, W.E., D.F. Mosher, A.R. Diwan, K.D. Murthy, S.R. Simmons, R.M. Albrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Ex-Vivo Platelet Deposition on Fibronectin Preadsorbed Surfaces," Scanning Microscopy, 1987, 1, 1669-1676 (1987).
- 145. K.D. Murthy, Diwan, A.R., W.E. Collins, S.R. Simmons, R.M. Albrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Utilization of Immunogold Labeling to Compare the Adsorption Behavior of Fibrinogen, Fibronectin and Albumin on Polymers," Scanning Microscopy, 1, 765-773 (1987).
- 146. Grasel, T.G., W.G. Pitt, K.D. Murthy, T.J. McCoy and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Extruded Polyurethanes for Blood Contacting Applications," Biomaterials, 8, 329-340 (1987).
- 147. Pitt, W.G., S.H. Spiegelberg and S.L. Cooper, "Adsorption of Fibronectin to Polyurethane Surfaces: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Studies," Proteins at Interfaces, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 343, pp. 324-338, T.A. Horbett and J.L. Brash, Eds., 1987.
- 148. Collins, W.E., D.F. Mosher, B.R. Tomasini and S.L. Cooper, "A Preliminary Comparison of the Thrombogenic Activity of Vitronectin as Compared to Other RGD-Containing Proteins Bound to Surfaces," Annals, N.Y. Acad. Sci., "Blood in Contact with Natural and Artificial Surfaces," E.F. Leonard, V.T. Turitto and L. Vroman, Eds., 516, 291-299 (1987).
- 149. Young, B.R., W.G. Pitt and S.L. Cooper, "Protein Adsorption on Polymeric Biomaterials: II. Adsorption Kinetics," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 125, 246-260 (1988).
- 150. Ding, Y.S., R.A. Register, M.R. Nagarajan, H.K. Pan and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Analysis of Plasticized Zinc-Neutralized Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 26, 289-300 (1988).
- 151. Stevenson, J.C. and S.L. Cooper, "Multiple Endothermic Melting Behavior in Poly(Tetramethylene Terephthalate)-Containing Polyesters and Block Copolyether-Esters," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Physics Ed., 26, 953-966 (1988).
- 152. Li, Chi, T.A. Speckhard, X. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Properties of Polycyanoethylmethylsiloxane Polyurea Urethane Elastomers: A Study of Segmental Compatibility," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 26, 315-337 (1988).
- 153. Young, B.R., W.G. Pitt and S.L. Cooper, "Protein Adsorption on Polymeric Biomaterials: I. The Adsorption Isotherm," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 124, 28-43 (1988).
- 154. Murthy, K.D., S.R. Simmons, R.M. Albrecht and S.L. Cooper, "Immunogold Staining of Fibrinogen on Biomaterial Surfaces: The Effect of Labeling Conditions," J. Colloid and Interface Science, 125, 176-189 (1988).
- 155. Pitt, W.G. and S.L. Cooper, "Albumin Adsorption on Alkyl Chain Derivatized Polyurethanes: I. The Effect of C-18 Alkylation," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 22, 359-382 (1988).
- 156. Grasel, T.G., D.C. Lee, A.T. Zimmerman, T.J. Slowinski and S.L. Cooper, "Extraction of Polyurethane Block Polymers: Effects on Bulk and Surface Properties," Biomaterials, 9, 383-392 (1988).
- 157. Lee, D.C., R.A. Register, C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "MDI Based Polyurethane Ionomers. I. New Small Angle X-ray Scattering Model," Macromolecules, 21, 998-1004 (1988).
- 158. Lee, D.C., R.A. Register, C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "MDI Based Polyurethane Ionomers. II. Structure-Property Relationships," Macromolecules, 21, 1005-1008 (1988).
- 159. Pitt, W.G., T.G. Grasel and S.L. Cooper, "Albumin Adsorption on Alkyl Chain Derivatized Polyurethanes: II. The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length," Biomaterials, 9, 36-46 (1988).
- 160. Stevenson, J.C. and S.L. Cooper, "Microstructure and Property Changes Accompanying Hard Segment Crystallization in Block Copolyether-ester Elastomers," Macromolecules, 21, 1309-1316 (1988).
- 161. Ding, Y.S., S.R. Hubbard, K.O. Hodgsen, R.A. Register and S.L. Cooper, "Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering from a Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomer," Macromolecules, 21, 1698-1703 (1988).
- 162. Register, R.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Smearing Effects in 'Pinhole' Collimation with One-Dimensional Detection", J. Appl. Crystallogr., 21, 550-557 (1988).
- 163. Register, R.A., M. Foucart, R. Jerome, Y.S. Ding and S.L. Cooper, "Structure-Property Relations in Elastomeric Carboxy-Telechelic Polyisoprene Ionomers," Macromolecules, 21, 1009-1015 (1988).
- 164. Li, C., S.L. Goodman, R.M. Albrecht and S.L. Cooper, "The Morphology of Segmented Polybutadiene Polyurethane Elastomers," Macromolecules, 21, 2361-2375 (1988).
- 165. Pitt, W.G., D.J. Fabrizius, B. Singh, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Vitronectin Adsorption on Polystyrene and Oxidized Polystyrene," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 129, 231-239 (1989).
- 166. Phillips, R.A., J.C. Stevenson, M.R. Nagarajan and S.L. Cooper, "Structure-Property Relationships and Moisture Sensitivity of PDMS/PTMO Mixed Soft Segment Urethane Elastomers," J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B27, 245-274 (1988).
- 167. Grasel, T.G. and S.L. Cooper, "Properties and Biological Interactions of Polyurethane Anionomers: Effect of Sulfonate Incorporation," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, 311-338 (1989).
- 168. Okkema, A.Z., D.J. Fabrizius, T.G. Grasel, S.L. Cooper and R.J. Zdrahala, "Bulk, Surface and Blood Contacting Properties of Polyether Polyurethanes Modified with Polydimethylsiloxane Macroglycols," Biomaterials, 10, 23-32 (1989).
- 169. Register, R.A., A. Sen, R.A. Weiss and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Thermal Treatment on Cation Local Structure in Manganese Sulfonated Polystyrene," Macromolecules, 22, 2224-2229 (1989).
- 170. Okkema, A.Z., T.G. Grasel, R.J. Zdrahala, D.D. Solomon and S.L. Cooper, "Bulk, Surface and Blood Contacting Properties of Polyetherurethanes Modified with Polyethylene-Oxide," J. Biomater. Sci., Polymer Ed., 1, 43-62 (1989).
- 171. McCoy, T.J., T.G. Grasel, A.T. Okkema and S.L. Cooper, "Canine Acute and Chronic ex vivo Blood Interactions with NHLBI-DTB Primary Reference Materials," Biomaterials, 10, 243-250 (1989).
- 172. Ding, Y.S., R.A. Register, C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Characterization of Sulphonated Polyurethane Ionomers Based on TDI," Polymer, 30, 1204-1212 (1989).
- 173. Ding, Y.S., R.A. Register, C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "Small Angle X-ray Scattering from Sulphonated Polyurethane Ionomers Based on TDI," Polymer, 30, 1213-1220 (1989).
- 174. Ding, Y.S., R.A. Register, C.Z. Yang and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Cation Local Structure on the Physical Properties of Model Polyurethane Ionomers," Polymer, 30, 1221-1226 (1989).
- 175. Register, R.A., A. Sen, R.A. Weiss and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Cation Local Structure in a Blend of Copper Neutralized Carboxy- Polybutadiene and Poly(Styrene-Co-4 Vinyl Pyridine)," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 27, 1911-1925 (1989).
- 176. Goodman, S.L., T.G. Grasel, S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Platelet Shape-Change and Cytoskeletal Reorganization on Polyurethaneureas," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, 105-123 (1989).
- 177. Li, C., R.A. Register and S.L. Cooper, "Direct Observation of Ionic Aggregates in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers," Polymer, 30, 1227-1233 (1989).
- 178. Register, R.A., X-H. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "Effects of Matrix Polarity and Ambient Aging on the Morphology of Sulfonated Polyurethane Ionomers," Polymer Bulletin, 22, 565-571 (1989).
- 179. Goodman, S.L., S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Polyurethane support Films: Structure and Cellular Adhesion," Scanning Microsc., Suppl., 3, 285-295 (1989).
- 180. Yu, X., A.Z. Okkema and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Physical Properties of Poly(perfluoroalkylether) Urethanes," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 1777-1795 (1990).
- 181. Grasel, T.G., D. Castner, B.D. Ratner and S.L. Cooper, "Characterization of Alkyl Grafted Polyurethanes by Variable Angle X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, 605-620 (1990).
- 182. McCoy, T.J., H.D. Wabers and S.L. Cooper, "Evaluation of Polyurethane Vascular Graft Materials in Chronically A-V Shunted Canines," J. Biomed Mater. Res., 24, 107-129 (1990).
- 183. Li, C. and S.L. Cooper, "Direct Observation of Morphology in Polyether Urethanes by High Voltage Electron Microscopy," Polymer, 31, 3-7 (1990).
- 184. Register, R.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Anomalous Small Angle Scattering from Nickel-Neutralized Ionomers: 1. Amorphous Polymer Matrices," Macromolecules, 23, 310-317 (1990).
- 185. Register, R.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Anomalous Small Angle Scattering from Nickel-Neutralized Ionomers: 2. Semicrystalline Polymer Matrices," Macromolecules, 23, 318-323 (1990).
- 186. Thompson, P.A., X. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "Structure-Property Relationships of Polyurethane Ionomers with Star Chain Architecture," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 1831-1841 (1990).
- 187. Goodman, S.G., S.R. Simmons, S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Preferential Adsorption of Plasma Proteins onto Apolar Polyurethane Microdomains," J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 139, 561-570 (1990).
- 188. Register, R.A., S.L. Cooper, P. Thiyagarajan, S. Chakrapani and R. Jerome, "Effect of Ionic Aggregation on Ionomer Chain Dimensions: I. Telechelic Polystyrenes," Macromolecules, 23, 2978-2983 (1990).
- 189. Register, R.A., G. Pruckmayr and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Ionic Aggregation on Ionomer Chain Dimensions: II. Sulfonated Polyurethane Ionomers," Macromolecules, 23, 3023-3026 (1990).
- 190. Giroux, T.A. and S.L. Cooper, "FTIR/ATR Studies of Human Fibronectin Adsorption onto Plasma Derivatized Polystyrene," J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 139(2), 351-362 (1990).
- 191. Okkema, A.Z., X-H. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "The Physical and Blood Contacting Characteristics of Propyl Sulfonate Grafted Biomer," Biomaterials, 12, 3-12 (1991).
- 192. Yang, C.Z., C. Li, Y.S. Ding and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane Polyurea-Urethanes and Related Zwitterionomers," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 29, 75-86 (1991).
- 193. Takahara, A., A.Z. Okkema, A.J. Coury and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Surface Hydrophilicity on Platelet Reactivity of Segmented Polyurethanes," Biomaterials, 12, 324-334 (1991).
- 194. Takahara, A., A.Z. Okkema, H. Wabers and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Hydrophilic Soft Segment Side Chains on the Surface Properties and Blood Compatibility of Segmented Poly(urethaneureas)," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, 1095-1118 (1991).
- 195. Takahara, A., R.W. Hergenrother, A.J. Coury and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Soft Segment Chemistry on the Biostability of Segmented Polyurethanes. I. In-Vitro Oxidation," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, 341-356 (1991).
- 196. Homan, J.G., X.-H. Yu, J.J. Connor and S.L. Cooper, "Castor Oil Based UV-Curable Polyurethane-Acrylate Interpenetrating Networks," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 2249-2257 (1991).
- 197. Yang, C-Z., T.G. Grasel, J.L. Bell, R.A. Register and S.L. Cooper, "Carboxylate-Containing Chain Extended Polyurethanes," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 29, 581-588 (1991).
- 198. Fabrizius-Homan, D. J. and S.L. Cooper, "Competitive Adsorption of Vitronectin with Albumin, Fibrinogen and Fibronectin on Polymeric Biomaterials,"J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, 953-971 (1991).
- 199. Fabrizius-Homan, D.J. and S.L. Cooper," A Comparison of the Adsorption of Three Adhesive Proteins to Biomaterial Surfaces," J. Biomater. Sci., Polymer Ed., 3, 27-47 (1991).
- 200. Goodman, S.L., S.L. Cooper and R. M. Albrecht, "The Effects of Substrate-Adsorbed Albumin on Platelet Spreading," J. Biomater. Sci., Polymer Ed., 2, 147-159 (1991).
- 201. Okkema, A.Z. and S.L. Cooper, "The Effect of Carboxylate and/or sulfonate Ion Incorporation on the Physical and Blood Contacting Properties of a Polyetherurethane," Biomaterials, 12, 668-676 (1991).
- 202. Giroux, T.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Surface Characterization of Plasma Derivatized Polyurethanes," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 145-155 (1991).
- 203. Giroux, T.A. and S.L. Cooper, "FTIR Investigation of Fibronectin and Fibrinogen Adsorption to Plasma Derivatized Polyurethanes," J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 146, 179-194 (1991).
- 204. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Comparison of the Physical Properties of Carboxylated and Sulfonated Model Polyurethane Ionomers," Macromolecules, 24, 2576-2583 (1991).
- 205. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Analysis of Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Data for Model polyurethane Ionomers: Evaluation of Hard Sphere Models," Macromolecules, 24, 2584-2593 (1991).
- 206. Okkema, A.Z., S. A. Visser and S.L. Cooper, “Physical and Blood Contacting Properties of Polyurethanes Based on a Sulfonic Acid-Containing Diol Chain Extender,” J. Biomedical Mater. Res., 25, 1371-1395 (1991).
- 207. Visser, S.A., G. Pruckmayr and S.L. Cooper, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis of Model Polyurethane Ionomers," Macromolecules, 24, 6769-6775 (1991).
- 208. Yu, Xuehai, C. Song, C. Li and S.L. Cooper, "Investigation of Polyether-Polyimide Thermoplastic Elastomers. I. Synthesis and Properties," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 44, 409-417 (1992).
- 209. Lin, H.B., Z.-C. Zhao, C. Garcia-Echeverria, D. H. Rich and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis of a Novel Polyurethane Containing Covalently Attached RGD Peptide," J. Biomatls. Sci., Polym. Ed., 3, 217-227 (1992).
- 210. Hergenrother, R.W. and S.L. Cooper, "The Effect of Chain Extender and Stabilizers on the in-vivo Stability of Polyurethanes," J. Appl. Biomaterials, 3, 17-22 (1992).
- 211. Okamoto, D.T., T.W. Root and S.L. Cooper, "13C NMR Investigation of a Poly(Urethane-Urea) System," Macromolecules, 25, 1068-1073 (1992).
- 212. Wabers, H.D., T.J. McCoy, A.T. Okkema, R.W. Hergenrother, M.F. Wolf and S.L. Cooper, "Biostability and Blood Contacting Properties of Sulfonate-Grafted Polyurethane and Biomer," J. Biomater. Sci., Polymer Ed., 4,107-133 (1992).
- 213. Takahara, A., R.W. Hergenrother, A.J. Coury and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Soft Segment Chemistry on the Biostability of Segmented Polyurethanes. II. In-Vitro Studies of Hydrolytic Degradation and Lipid Sorption," J. Biomed Mater. Sci., 26, 801-818 (1992).
- 214. Silver, J.A., A.Z. Okkema, A.P. Hart, S.L. Cooper, S. Charef, D. Labarre and M. Jozefowicz, "Anticoagulant Effects of Sulfonate-Containing Polyurethanes," Biomaterials, 13, 339-344 (1992).
- 215. Fabrizius-Homan, D.J. and S.L. Cooper, "The Biological Activity of Adsorbed Vitronectin," Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 68, 194-202 (1992).
- 216. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Neutralizing Cation Type on the Morphology and Properties of Model Polyurethane Ionomers," Polymer, 33, 920-929 (1992).
- 217. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "EXAFS Analysis of Cation Local Environment in Model Polyurethane Ionomers," Polymer, 33, 930-937 (1992).
- 218. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Morphology and Properties of Mixed Anion Ionomers," Polymer, 33, 3790-3796 (1992).
- 219. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Two Dimensional Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Investigation of Ionomer Deformation and Evaluation of Models of Ionomer Morphology," Macromolecules, 25, 2230-2236 (1992).
- 220. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of the Response of Model Polyurethane Ionomers to Uniaxial Deformation," Polymer, 33, 4280-4287 (1992).
- 221. Visser, S.A. and S.L. Cooper, "Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Investigation of Ionomer Deformation: Effect of Neutralizing Cation," Polymer, 33, 4705-4710 (1992).
- 222. Hergenrother, R.W. and S.L. Cooper, "Improved Materials for Blood-Contacting Applications: Blends of Sulfonated and Non-Sulfonated Polyurethanes," J. Materials Sci., Matls. in Med., 3, 313-321 (1992).
- 223. Lin, H.B., C.G.-Echeverria, D.H. Rich, S. Asakura, W. Sun, D.F. Mosher and S.L. Cooper, "Endothelial Cell Adhesion on Polyurethanes Containing Covalently Attached RGD Peptides," Biomaterials, 13, 905-914 (1992).
- 224. Okamoto, D.T., S.L. Cooper and T.W. Root, "Control of Solid-State Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement in Polyurethane Block Copolymers," Macromolecules, 25, 3301-3303 (1992).
- 225. Wabers, H.D., R.W. Hergenrother, A.J. Coury and S.L. Cooper, "Thrombus Deposition on Polyurethanes Designed for Biomedical Applications," J. Appl. Biomaterials, 3, 167-176 (1992).
- 226. Ko, T.M., J. C. Lin and S.L. Cooper, "Surface Characterization and Platelet Adhesion Studies of Plasma Sulfonated Polyethylene," Biomaterials, 14, 657-664 (1993).
- 227. Ko, T.M. and S.L. Cooper, "Surface Properties and Platelet Adhesion Characteristics of Acrylic Acid and Allylamine Plasma Treated Polyethylene," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 1601-1619 (1993).
- 228. Goodman, S.L., S.L. Cooper and R.M. Albrecht, "Integrin Receptors and Platelet Adhesion to Synthetic Surfaces," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, 683-695 (1993).
- 229. Yu, Xuehai, B.P. Grady, R.S. Reiner and S.L. Cooper, "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of UV-Curable Polyurethane and Polyurea Acrylates," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 1943-1955 (1993).
- 230. Yu, Xuehai, B.P. Grady, R.S. Reiner and S.L. Cooper, "Properties of Polyamic Acid Ionomers," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 1673-1683 (1993).
- 231. Okamoto, D.T., E.M. O'Connell, S.L. Cooper and T.W. Root, "Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of MDI Based Polyurethanes," J. Polymer Science, Phys., 31, 1163-1177 (1993).
- 232. Ko, T.M., J.-C. Lin and S.L. Cooper, "Surface Characterization and Platelet Adhesion Studies of Plasma-Carboxylated Polyethylene," J. Colloid & Interface Sci., 156, 207-217 (1993).
- 233. Hergenrother, R.W., H.D. Wabers and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Hard Segment Chemistry and Strain on the Stability of Polyurethanes: In-Vivo Stability", Biomaterials, 14, 449-458 (1993).
- 234. Lin, H. B., K. B. Lewis, D. L. Scampavia, B. D. Ratner and S. L. Cooper, "Surface Properties of RGD-Peptide Grafted Polyurethane Block Copolymers: Variable Takeoff Angle and Cold-stage ESCA Studies", J. Biomaterials Sci., Polymer Ed., 4, 183-198 (1993).
- 235. Silver, J.H., K.B. Lewis, B.D. Ratner and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Polyol Type on the Surface Structure of Sulfonate-Containing Polyurethanes," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, 735-745 (1993).
- 236. Ahuja, A.A., R.W. Hergenrother, C.M. Strother, A.A. Rappe, S.L. Cooper and V.B. Graves, "Platinum Coil Coatings to Increase Thrombogenicity - A Preliminary Study in Rabbits," Amer. J. of Neuroradiology, 14, 794-798 (1993).
- 237. Pitt, W.G., D.R. Weaver and S.L. Cooper, "Fibronectin Adsorption Kinetics on Polyurethane-Urea Block Polymers," J. Biomater. Sci., Polymer Ed., 4, 337-346 (1993).
- 238. Silver, J.H., J.W. Marchant and S.L. Cooper, "Effect of Polyol Type on the Physical Properties and Thrombogenicity of Sulfonate-Containing Polyurethanes," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, 1443-1457 (1993).
- 239. Lim, F., X-H. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "Effects of Oligoethylene-oxide Monoallyl(aryl) Alcohol Ether Grafting on the Surface Properties and Blood Compatibility of Polyurethanes," Biomaterials, 14, 537-545 (1993).
- 240. Silver, J.H., H.B. Lin and S.L. Cooper, "The Effect of Protein Adsorption on the Blood-Contacting Response of Sulfonated Polyurethanes," Biomaterials, 14, 834-844 (1993).
- 241. Grady, B.P., H. Matsuoka, N. Ise, Y. Nakatani, and S.L. Cooper, "Influence of Sample Preparation Method on the Ultra Small Angle X-Ray Scattering of Lightly Sulfonated Polystyrenes," Macromolecules, 26, 4064-4066 (1993).
- 242. Marucci, G., S. Bhargava and S. L. Cooper, "Models of Thickening Behavior in Physically Crosslinked Networks", Macromolecules, 26, 6483-6488 (1993).
- 243. Hergenrother, R.W., X.-H. Yu and S.L. Cooper, "Blood-Contacting Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane Polyurea-Urethanes," Biomaterials, 15, 635-640 (1994).
- 244. Yang, C.Z., X. Zhang, E.M. O'Connell, R.J. Goddard and S.L. Cooper, "Blends of Metal Acetates and Polyurethanes Containing Pyridine Groups," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 51, 365-374 (1994).
- 245. Lin, H.B., R.W. Hergenrother, J.H. Silver, J.C. Lin, F. Lim, T.W. Brodhagen and S.L. Cooper, "Ex-Vivo Blood Compatibility of Silicone-Containing Biomaterials," J. of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 5, 207-213 (1994).
- 246. Lin, H.B., W. Sun, D.F. Mosher, C.G. Echeverria, K. Schaufelberger, P.I. Lelkes and S.L. Cooper, "Synthesis and Cell Adhesion Properties of Polyurethanes Containing Covalently Grafted RGD-Peptides," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 28, 329-342 (1994).
- 247. Phillips, R. A., J. M. McKenna and S. L. Cooper, "Glass Transition and Melting Behavior of Poly(ether-ester) Multiblock Copolymers with Poly(tetramethylene isophthalate) Hard Segments," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 32, 791-802 (1994).
- 248. Klingenberg D. L., and S. L. Cooper, "Electrostatics at Rough Interfaces", J. Electrostatics, 35, 339-348 (1995).
- 249. Lim, F., C. Z. Yang and S. L. Cooper, "Synthesis, Characterization and Blood Compatibility of Polydimethylsiloxane Polyurea-Urethanes", Biomaterials, 15, 408-416 (1994).
- 250. Myers, C. W., and S. L. Cooper, "Analysis of Some Errors in the Calculation of Orientation Functions for Polymers from Infrared Dichroism Measurements", Appl. Spectroscopy, 48, 72-78 (1994).
- 251. Lin, J. -C., T. M. Ko and S. L. Cooper, "Polyethylene Surface Sulfonation: Surface Characterization and Platelet Adhesion Studies", J Colloid and Interface Sci., 164, 99-106 (1994).
- 252. Lin, J. -C. and S. L. Cooper, "Plasma Surface Modification of the Inner Surface of LDPE Tubing for Biomedical Applications", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Appl. Polym. Symp., 54, 157-166 (1994).
- 253. Goddard, R. J., B. P. Grady and S. L. Cooper, "The Room Temperature Annealing Peak in Ionomers: Ionic Crystallites or Water Absorption?", Macromolecules, 27, 1710-1719 (1994).
- 254. Grady, B. P., E. M. O'Connell, C. Z. Yang and S. L. Cooper, "Blends of Metal Acetates and Polyurethanes Containing Pyridine Groups II. SAXS and EXAFS Studies", J Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 32, 2357-2366 (1994).
- 255. Silver, J. H., C. W. Myers, F. Lim, and S. L. Cooper, "Effect of Polyol Molecular Weight on the Physical Properties and Hemocompatibility of Polyurethanes Containing Polyethylene Oxide Macroglycols", Biomaterials, 15, 695-704 (1994).
- 256. Silver, J. H., R. W. Hergenrother, J.-C. Lin, F. Lim, H.-B. Lin, T. Okada, M. K. Choudry and S. L. Cooper, "Surface and Blood-Contacting Properties of Alkyl-Siloxane Monolayers Supported on Silicone Rubber", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, 535-548 (1995).
- 257. Grady, B. P. and S. L. Cooper, "EXAFS Studies of the Internal Aggregate Structure in Lightly Sulfonated Polystyrene I. Determination of the Coordination Environment about the Cation", Macromolecules, 27, 6627-6634 (1994) .
- 258. Grady, B. P. and S. L. Cooper "EXAFS Studies of the Internal Aggregate Structure in Lightly Sulfonated Polystyrene II. The Effect of Unixial Orientation", Macromolecules, 27, 6635-6641 (1994).
- 259. Goddard. R. J. and S. L. Cooper, "Polyurethane Cationomers with Pendant Trialkylammonium Groups: Effects of Ion Content, Alkyl Group and Neutralizing Anion", J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 32, 1557-1571 (1994).
- 260. Phillips, R. A. and S. L. Cooper, "Phase Separation in Crystallizable Multiblock Poly(ether-ester) Copolymers with Poly(tetramethylene isophthalate) Hard Segments", Polymer, 35. 4146-4155 (1994).
- 261. Karayianni, E. and S. L. Cooper "Structure and Thermodynamics in Associating Model Ionomer Solutions", Ind. and Engr. Chem., Res., 33, 2492-2503 (1994).
- 262. O'Connell E. M., T. W. Root and S. L. Cooper, "Morphological Studies of Lightly-Sulfonated Polystyrene using 23Na NMR: 1. Effects of Sample Composition", Macromolecules, 27, 5803-5810 (1994).
- 263. Tsuchiya, T. A. Takahara, S. L. Cooper and A. Nakamura, "Studies on the Tumor Promoting Activity of Polyurethanes: Depletion of Inhibitory Action of Metabolic Cooperation on the Surface of Polyaliphatic-Urethane but not on a Polyetherurethane", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, 835-841 (1995).
- 264. Dickinson, R. B. and S. L. Cooper, "Quantitative Measurement and Mathematical Analysis of Shear-Dependent Bacterial Adhesion Kinetics to Biomaterial Surfaces", AIChE J., 41, 2160-2174 (1995).
- 265. Dickinson, R. B., J. A. Nagel, D. McDevitt, T. J. Foster, R. A. Proctor, and S. L. Cooper, "Quantitative Comparison of Clumping Factor- and Coagulase-Mediated Staphylococcus Aureus Adhesion to Surface Bound Fibrinogen under Flow", Infect. Immun., 63, 3143-3150 (1995).
- 266. Lin, J.-C. and S. L. Cooper "Surface Characterization and ex-vivo Blood Compatibility Study of Plasma Modified Small Diameter Tubing: Effect of Sulfur Dioxide and Hexamethyldisiloxane Plasmas", Biomaterials, 16, 1017-1023 (1995).
- 267. Vaudaux, P. E., P. Francois, R. A. Proctor, D. McDevitt, T. J. Foster, R. M. Albrecht, D. P. Lew, H. Wabers and S. L. Cooper, "Use of Adhesion-Defective Mutants of Staphylococcus Aureus to Define the Role of Specific Plasma Proteins in Promoting Bacterial Adhesion to Canine Arteriovenous Shunts", Infection and Immunity, 63, 585-590 (1995).
- 268. Goddard, R. J. and S. L. Cooper, "Polyurethane Cationomers with Pendant Trimethylammonium Groups I. Fourier Transform Infrared Temperature Studies" Macromolecules, 28, 1390-1400 (1995).
- 269. Goddard, R. J. and S. L. Cooper, "Polyurethane Cationomers with Pendant Trimethylammonium Groups II. Investigation of the Microphase Separation Transition" Macromolecules, 28,1401-1406 (1995).
- 270. O'Connell, E. M., T. W. Root and S. L. Cooper, "Morphological Studies of Lightly-Sulfonated Polystyrene using 23NaNMR: 2. Effects of Sample Preparation", Macromolecules, 28, 3995-3999 (1995).
- 271. O'Connell,E. M., T. W. Root and S. L. Cooper "Morphological Studies of Lightly-Sulfonated Polystyrene using 23NaNMR: 3. Effects of Humidification and Annealing", Macromolecules, 28, 4000-4006 (1995).
- 272. Karayianni, E., R. Jerome and S. L. Cooper, "Probing the Structure and Thermodynamic Interactions of Associating Telechelic Ionomer Solutions via Small Angle Neutron Scattering: I. Total Scattering", Macromolecules, 28, 6494-6507 (1995).
- 273. Phillips, R. A. and S. L. Cooper, "Morphological Aspects of Secondary Crystallization in Poly(ether-ester) Multiblock Copolymers", Macromolecules, 28, 5734-5744 (1995).
- 274. Lim, F. and S. L. Cooper, "Effect of Sulphonate Incorporation on in-vitro Leucocyte Adhesion to Polyurethanes", Biomaterials, 16, 457-466 (1995).
- 275. Lin, H-B., F. Lim and S. L. Cooper, "Polyurethanes Containing Covalently Grafted RGD-Peptides", Adv. Sci. Technol., 12, 385-392 (1995).
- 276. Silver, J. H., E. Karayianni and S. L. Cooper, "Effect of Polyol Hydrophilicity on the Structure and Anticoagulant Activity of Water Soluble Sulfonated Polyurethanes", J. Coll. and Interf. Sci., 178, 219-232 (1996).
- 277. Lin, J.-C., and S. L. Cooper, "In-Vitro Fibrinogen Adsorption from Various Dilutions of Human Blood Plasma on RFGD Plasma Modified Polyethylene", J. Colloid and Interf. Sci., 182, 315-325 (1996).
- 278. Lim, F. and S. L. Cooper, "Chemiluminescent Oxidative Products Generated by In-Vitro Leukocyte-Material Interactions", J. Materials Science, Materials in Medicine, 7, 69-76 (1996).
- 279. O'Connell, E. M., D. G. Peiffer, T. W. Root and S. L. Cooper, "Morphological Studies of Lightly Sulfonated Polystyrene using 23Na NMR: Effects of Polydispersity in Molecular Weight", Macromolecules, 29, 2124-2130 (1996).
- 280. O'Connell, E. M. C-Z Yang, T. W. Root and S. L. Cooper, "Spectroscopic Studies of Pyridine-Containing Polyurethanes", Macromolecules, 29, 6002-6010 (1996).
- 281. Sundaram, S., F. Lim, S. L. Cooper and R. W. Colman, "The Role of Leukocytes in Coagulation Induced by Artificial Surfaces: Investigation of Expression of Mac-1, Granulocyte Elastase Release and Leukocyte Adhesion on Modified Polyurethanes", Biomaterials, 17, 1041-1047 (1996).
- 282. Nagel, J. A., R. B. Dickinson and S. L. Cooper, "S. aureus Adhesion to Polyurethane Surfaces in the Presence of Pre-adsorbed High Molecular Weight Kininogen", J. Biomaterials Science, Polymer Ed., 7, 769-780 (1996).
- 283. Nagel-Baumgartner, J., and S. L. Cooper, "Bacterial Adhesion on Polyurethane Surfaces Conditioned with Thrombus Components", ASAIO J., 42(5), M476-M479 (1996).
- 284. Velankar, S., J. Pazos and S. L. Cooper, "High Performance UV-Curable Urethane Acrylates via Deblocking Isocyanate Chemistry", J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 62, 1361-1376 (1996).
- 285. Phillips, R. A. and S. L. Cooper, "Morphology Development During Solid State Annealing of Poly(ether-ester) Multiblock Copolymers", J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 34, 737-749 (1996).
- 286. Sundarum, S., N. Gikakis, C. E. Hack, S. Niewiarowski, L. H. Edmunds, Jr., A. K. Rao, L. Sun, S. L. Cooper and R. W. Colman, "Nafamostat Mesilate, A Broad Spectrum Protease Inhibitor, Modulates Platelet, Neutrophil and Contact Activation in Simulated Extracorporeal Circulation, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 75, 76-82 (1996)
- 287. Yung, L-Y L., F. Lim, M. M. H. Khan, S. P. Kunapuli, L. Rick, R. W. Colman and S. L. Cooper, "Neutrophil Adhesion of Surfaces Preadsorbed with High Molecular Weight Kinonogen Under Well-Defined Flow Conditions, Immunopharmacology, 32, 19-23 (1996).
- 288. Karayianni, E., R. Jerome and S. L. Cooper, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Low Polarity Telechelic Ionomer Solutions. II. Single Chain Scattering", Macromolecules, 30, 7444-7455 (1997).
- 289. Dickinson, R. B., J. A. Nagel, R. A. Proctor and S. L. Cooper, "Quantitative Comparison of Shear-Dependent Staphylococcus Aureus Adhesion to Three Polyurethane Ionomer Analogs with Distinct Surface Properties", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 36, 152-162 (1997).
- 290. Nomula, S., and S. L. Cooper, "Structural Studies of Polyurethane Ionomer Solutions 1. Dynamic Light Scattering", Macromolecules, 30, 1355-1362 (1997).
- 291. Nagel-Baumgartner, J., and S. L. Cooper, "Physical Property Analysis and Bacterial Adhesion on a Series of Phosphonated Polyurethanes", Biomaterials, 18, 831-837 (1997).
- 292. Khan, M. H. M., S. P. Kunapuli, Y. Lin, A. Majluf-Cruz, R. A. DeLa Cadena, S. L. Cooper and R. W. Colman, "Three Noncontiguous Peptides Comprise Binding Sites on High Molecular Weight Kininogen to Neutrophils", Am. J. Physiol.:Heart and Circulatory Physiol., H145-H150 (1998).
- 293. Baumgartner, J. N. and S. L. Cooper, "Influence of Thrombus Components in Mediating Staphylococcus Aureus Adhesion to Polyurethane Surfaces", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40, 660-670 (1998).
- 294. Yung, Lin-Yue, and S. L. Cooper, "Neutrophil Adhesion on Phosphorylcholine Containing Polyurethanes", Biomaterials, 19, 31-40 (1998).
- Bhargava, S., and S. L. Cooper, "Effect of Water on Viscosity and Shear-Thickening Behavior of Telechelic Ionomers in Non-Polar Solvents", Macromolecules, 31, 508-514 (1998).
- Velankar, S. and S. L. Cooper, "Microphase Separation and Rheological Properties of Polyurethanes. I. Effect of Block Length", Macromolecules, 31, 9181-9192 (1998).
- 297. Nomula, S., and S. L. Cooper, "Hydrophobic Aggregation in Polyurethane Ionomer Solutions", J. Colloid and Interf Sci., 205, 331-339 (1998).
- 298. Flemming, R. G., R. A. Proctor and S. L. Cooper, "Bacterial Adhesion to Functionalized Polyurethanes", J. Biomaterials Sci., Polymer Ed., 10, 679-697 (1999).
- Chen, C. Z., N. C Beck Tan and S. L. Cooper, “Incorporation of Dimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride Functionalities onto Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers Significantly Enhances their Antibacterial Properties”, Chemical Comm., 16, 1585-1586 (1999).
- Silver, J. H., J.-C. Lin, F. Lim, V. A. Tegoulia, M. K. Chaudhury and S. L. Cooper, “Surface Properties and Hemocompatibility of Alkyl-Siloxane Monolayers Supported on Silicone Rubber: Effect of Alkyl Chain Length and Ionic Functionality”, Biomaterials, 20, 1533-1543 (1999).
- 301. Yung, Lin-Yue L., F. Lim, M. M. H. Khan, S. P. Kunapoli, L. Rick, R. W. Colman and S. L. Cooper, “High Molecular Weight Kininogen Preadsorbed to Glass Surface Markedly Reduces Neutrophil Adhesion", Biomaterials, 21, 405-414 (2000).
- 302. Velankar, S. and S. L. Cooper, “Microphase Separation and Rheological Properties of Polyurethanes. II. Effect of Block Incompatibility on the Microstructure”, Macromolecules, 33, 382-394 (2000).
- 303. Velankar, S. and S. L. Cooper, “Microphase Separation and Rheological Properties of Polyurethanes. III. Effect of Segment Incompatibility”, Macromolecules, 33, 395-403 (2000).
- 304. Tegoulia, V. A. and S. L. Cooper, “Leukocyte Adhesion on Model Surfaces under Flow: Effects of Surface Chemistry, Protein Adsorption and Shear Rate”, J. Biomed. Mater.. Res., 50, 291-301 (2000).
- 305. Flemming, R. G., C. C. Capelli, R. A. Proctor and S. L. Cooper, "Bacterial Colonization of Functionalized Polyurethanes”, Biomaterials, 21,273-283 (2000).
- 306. Nomula, S. and S. L. Cooper, “Influence of Ionic Content on Polyurethane Ionomer Solutions, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 6963-6975 (2000).
- 307. Karayianni, E., R. Jerome and S. L. Cooper, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Low Polarity Telechelic Ionomer Solutions. III. Effect of Temperature", Macromolecules, 33, 6473-6484 (2000).
- 308. Grapski, J. A. and S. L. Cooper, “Synthesis and Characterization of Non-Leaching Biocidal Polyurethanes”, Biomaterials, 22, 2239-2246 (2001).
- Nomula, S. and S. L. Cooper, “Ionomer Solution Structure and Solution Diagram”, Macromolecules, 34, 2653-2659 (2001).
- Chen, C. Z., N. C. Beck Tan, P. Dhurjati, T. K. van Dyk, R. A. LaRossa and S. L. Cooper, “Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Poly)propylene imine) Dendrimers as Effective Antimicrobials. I. Structure-Activity Studies”, Biomacromolecules, 1, 473-480 (2000).
- Tegoulia, V. A., W. Rao, A. Kalambur, J. F. Rabolt and S. L. Cooper, “Surface Properties, Fibrinogen Adsorption and Cellular Interactions of a Novel Phosphorylcholine-Containing Self Assembled Monolayer on Gold”, Langmuir, 17, 4396-4404 (2001).
- 312. Nomula, S. and S. L. Cooper, “Structural Studies of Ionomer Solutions II. Fluoresence”, Macromolecules, 33, 6402-6406 (2000).
- 313. Nomula, S. and S. L. Cooper “Effect of Solvent Polarity in Ionomer Solutions, Macromolecules, 34, 925-930 (2001).
- 314 Ma, S. X. and S. L. Cooper, “Shear Thickening in Aqueous Solutions of Hydrocarbon End-Capped Poly(ethylene-oxide)”, Macromolecules, 34, 3294-3301 (2001).
- Ma, S. X. and S. L. Cooper, “Effect of Polydispersity of Viscoelasticity and Shear Thickening in Aqeous Solutions of Hydrocarbon End-Capped Poly(ethylene-oxide)”, Macromolecules, 35, 2024 (2002).
- Chen, C. Z. and S. L. Cooper, “Interactions Between Dendrimer Biocides and Bacterial Membranes”, Biomaterials, 23, 3359-3368 (2002).
- Ma, S. X. and S. L. Cooper, “Effect of Surfactant on Viscoelasticity and Shear Thickening in Aqueous Solutions of Hydrocarbon End-capped Poly(ethylene oxide)”, J. Rheology, 46, 339-350 (2002).
- 318. Tegoulia, V. A. and S. L. Cooper, “Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion to Self- assembled Monolayers: Effect of Surface Chemistry and Fibrinogen Presence”, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 24, 217-228 (2002).
- 319. Fussell, G., and S. L. Cooper, "Endothelial Cell Adhesion on RGD-Containing Methacrylate Terpolymers", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 70A, 265-273 (2004).
- 320 Fussell, B. and S. L. Cooper, " Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylic Terpolymers with RGD Peptides for Biomedical Applications", Biomaterials, 25, 2971-2978 (2004).
- 321. Veleva, A. N., S. A. Khan and S. L. Cooper "Oxidative and Hydrolytic Stability of a Novel Acrylic Terpolymer for Biomedical Applications", J. Biomed Mater. Res., 74A, 117-123 (2005).
- 322. Veleva, A. N., S. L. Cooper and C. Patterson, "Selection and Initial Characterization of Novel Peptide Ligands that Bind Specifically to Human Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 98, 306-312 (2007).
- 323. Veleva, A. N., D. E. Heath, C. Patterson and S. L. Cooper, "Selective Endothelial Cell Attachment to Peptide-modified Terpolymers", Biomaterials, 29, 3656-3661 (2008).
- 324. Veleva, A. N., D. E. Heath, C. Patterson, J. J. Lannutti and S. L. Cooper, "Interactions Between Endothelial Cells and Electrospun Methacrylic Terpolymer Fibers for Engineered Vascular Replacements", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 91A, 1131-1139 (2009).
- 325. Heath, D. E., and S. L. Cooper, "Interaction of Endothelial Cells with Methacrylic Terpolymer Biomaterials", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 92B, 289-297 (2009).
- 326. Heath, D. E., J. J. Lannutti and S. L. Cooper, "Electrospun Scaffold Topography affects Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Metabolic Activity and Morphology", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 94A, 1195-1204 (2010).
- 327. Heath, D. E. and S. L. Cooper, "Design and Characterization of PEGylated Terpolymer Biomaterials", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 94A, 1294-1302 (2010).
- 328. Wang, X., D. E. Heath and S. L. Cooper, "Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Proliferation to PEGylated Polymers with Covalently Linked RGD Peptides", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 100A, 794-801 (2012).
- 329. Wang, X. and S. L. Cooper, "Adhesion of Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Peptide Linked Polymers in Shear Flow", Tissue Engineering, Part A, 19(9-10), 1113-1121 (2013).
- 330 Heath, D. E. and S. L. Cooper, "Design and Characterization of Sulfobetaine-containing Terpolyer Biomaterials", Acta Biomaterialia, 8, 2899-2910 (2012).
- 331. Heath, D.E., C Kobe, D. Jones, N. Moldovan and S. L. Cooper, "In-Vitro Endothelialization of Electrospun Terpolymer Scaffolds: A Survey of Scaffold Type and Cell Source.", Tissue Engineering, 19, 79-90 (2013).
1. Biocompatible Polyurethanes and Method, T.G. Grasel and S.L. Cooper, U.S. Patent # 4,880,883, November 14, 1989.
2. Biocompatible Polyurethane Devices Wherein Polyurethane is Modified with Lower Alkyl Sulfonate and Lower Alkyl Carboxylate, T.G. Grasel and S.L. Cooper, U.S. Patent #
5,017,664, May 21, 1991.
3. Polysiloxane Polyurea Urethanes, C. Li and S.L. Cooper, U. S. Patent # 5,221,724, June 22, 1993.
4. Radiation Curable, Urethane-Acrylate Prepolymers and Crosslinked Polymers, D. W. Regula, M. F. Bregen, S. L. Cooper, D. J. Jamiolkowski and R. S. Bezwada, U. S. Patent # 5,674,921, October 7, 1997
5. Quarternary Ammionium Functionalized Dendrimers and Methods of Use Thereof, C. Z. Chen and S. L. Cooper, U. S. Patent #6,440,405, August 27, 2002.
6. Dendrimer Biocide-Silver Nanocomposites: Their Preparation and Applications as Potent Antimicrobials, C. Z Chen and S. L. Cooper, U. S. Patent # 6,579,906, June 17, 2003.
7. Peptides Specific for Human Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells, A. Veleva, C. Patterson and S. L. Cooper, U. S. Patent # 8426367, April 23, 2013.